pyramid
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Giza Pyramids
Giza pyramids, one of the great and magnificent creations for the ancient Egyptian civilization, which amazed the world with its secrets, magic, and strength. It’s a royal archeological buildings built by the ancient Egyptians from 2630 to 1530 B.C. The way of building the pyramids started by the gradient pyramids like Djoser pyramid at Saqqara area, and then developed to the drawn from like the three Giza pyramids. The Egyptian artists were engraved on the walls of the royal tombs with hieroglyphic language, these texts known as texts of the pyramids. The pyramids were built on the western desert for the Nile, where the sun set behind it. This because ancient Egyptians believed that king's spirit leaves his body and travel with the son everyday. Entrance of the pyramid in the middle of northern interface of the pyramid leads to a corridor went down to the room, where the king was buried. This room was built in the center of pyramid's base, and sometimes there were a room built beside it for king's collectables and things that he will use it in his another life.
These pyramids are located in Giza's hill in Egypt. Pyramids were built before 2500 B.C. they consists of three pyramids (Cheops-Khafre-Mankaure). Each one of these pyramids called upon the name the name of the king who built it. Building of the pyramid shows the geometric development in pharaonic Egypt. Imhotep the minister of Djoser was the first who built the gradient pyramid. After that, engineer Imono developed the ideal shape and built the pyramid of King Cheops on an area of 13 acres and then Khafre and Mankaure pyramids.
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Cheops Pyramid
It is the oldest and largest pyramid. The weight of the pyramid reaches 6 millions and half ton, consists of stones each one of it weight 12 ton approximately. Its height is 148 meters and the area of its base about 13 acres. The length of each side in its base is about 230 meters, number of stones that used on it about 2300000 stones. Charles Smith wrote in his book " Our heritage at the great pyramid "," at the middle of eighth century that the height of Cheops pyramid multiplied by billion equals the distance between the and the sun, area of the base divided on the double of its height equals 3.14, the number which represents Adolf that is used in many mathematical equations. The four sides of the pyramid tends to the for directions professional accuracy. What also strange that the orbit which passes from the center of the pyramid divided the continents of the world to two equally halves". This pyramid was built by "Cheops", whose father king Senefruand and his mother queen Hetepheres, the first. The word "Cheops" was an abbreviation word for "khoum scared valley" or "khoum that protects me".
The greatness of this pyramid returns to the arbitrator and impressive internal planning. Beside the pyramid there was a tomb with small pyramids for his wives and mother. In addition to a building with a terraces shape was for the members of the royal family and the senior staff. King Cheops called his pyramid "akht Cheops" or "approved Cheops", that according to the religious changes which happened in his age. Stedelman expressed that Cheops leaved the Egyptian religion and styled himself as a god. There are also remains for fence surrounding the pyramids up till now, in the eastern and northern sides, located at a distance 10.20 from the pyramid base.
Khufu Pyramid
Khafre Pyramid
One of Giza pyramids in Egypt. It was built by king Khafre, the fourth king for the fourth family. He was King Cheops' son. The king ruled Egypt for 26 years. Khafre pyramid lower than Cheops pyramid. Its height was about 143 meter, but now its height 134 because of the changes that happens on earth surfaces. The area of its base is 215 m2. It has two entrances in the northern side. Khafre pyramid is located in the south-west to Cheops pyramid. The length of each side was 215.5 meter. The entrance of the pyramid leads to a steady corridor, its roof made of granite. King Khafre called his pyramid "The Great".
Menkaure Pyramid
It was built by king Menkaure. He was king's Khafre's son. The height of the pyramid was 65.5 meter, and its entrance from the northern side; 4 meters high from the earth surface. The entrance leads to a lower corridor its length 31 meter with simple acute angel, made from granite. In its end there is a lobby stuffed by stones, and leads to 3 barricades after them the buried room.
Scientists found gab with radius doesn't exceed 20 cm. scientists after that know the secret of the gab. They found that the sun enters to the tomb of the king for one day only from the whole year. This day was the king's birthday. Menkaure called his pyramid "The Holy".
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Scientific Facts About Cheops Pyramid
The biggest pyramid was the higher building in the world for4500 years and that continued until to the nineteenth century. The French scientist the manger of Geopolymer Institute proved that the institute proved that the pyramids were built from mud and another matters comes from the soil of the
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How The Pharos Build The Pyramid
It is shown clearly that, the pharaohs were more developed in architecture arts, and certainly they were superior to us in these sciences. Some of the researches thought on the possibility to build a pyramid like Cheops pyramid with possibilities on our current era. They found that it will cost 7.5 million dollars. It will be difficult build it with the same accuracy of Cheops pyramid, and the same inclination of the walls 52 degree exactly. If the pyramid builds, it will not stand for 1000 years not 4600 years like Cheops pyramid.
Before establishing any building, we must designing the drawing firstly, then how to stay it throw testing the soil, and some complex calculations for measuring the force and pressure on the walls, and bases of the building.
After that pharaohs must collect a sufficient number from the workers to build the pyramid. How many workers they needed? How many engineers? And who will serve them and give them food and drinks? It is well known that pharaohs worked only 3 months per year, months of flooding. These three months the agriculture stopped on it. One of the priests told Herodotus when he was on a visiting to Egypt after 2 thousands years from building the pyramid, that the pyramid's construction took 20 years, meaning that the actual duration for building the pyramid was60 months or five years only. One of the mathematicians estimated the period that will took by building the pyramid using man power, it will take 640 years.
The question was about the skill of these workers, the head of the workers, and the engineers, who put the stones on its place very carefully to attach with the previous stone without any error.
Before establishing any building, we must designing the drawing firstly, then how to stay it throw testing the soil, and some complex calculations for measuring the force and pressure on the walls, and bases of the building.
After that pharaohs must collect a sufficient number from the workers to build the pyramid. How many workers they needed? How many engineers? And who will serve them and give them food and drinks? It is well known that pharaohs worked only 3 months per year, months of flooding. These three months the agriculture stopped on it. One of the priests told Herodotus when he was on a visiting to Egypt after 2 thousands years from building the pyramid, that the pyramid's construction took 20 years, meaning that the actual duration for building the pyramid was60 months or five years only. One of the mathematicians estimated the period that will took by building the pyramid using man power, it will take 640 years.
The question was about the skill of these workers, the head of the workers, and the engineers, who put the stones on its place very carefully to attach with the previous stone without any error.
How They Prepare The Stones And Bring It
Cutting the stones:
It is noted that the stones used in building the pyramid were cut perfectly to be smooth and ensure sticking the stone with each other without a presence of any anaerobic spaces, which effect on the strength of sticking. How could the pharaohs cut the stones with this high resolution? Were they used the ultrasound or even with laser? Or they might be used another medium, we don't discover it until now.
Source of the stones:
There were many theories in that field
First theory: the stones brought from Aswan.
Second theory: the stones brought from torah quarries on the eastern side of the river Nile.
Third theory: stones cut from Giza hill itself.
Fourth theory: The pyramids aren't building by pieces from natural rocks, but from stones made by the Egyptian builders, by mixing gravel with lime. These stones are stronger than the concrete, which we know now. The base of the pyramid was a natural rock sculptured to take the wanted shape then the rest of the pyramid build over it. This means that in this area there were a group of hills. Cheops chooses the biggest one and sculptured it for the base of his pyramid.
In fact, the first and second theories were far from ratification, where the scientific were agree on the difficulty of transferring the stones for long distances, especially the weight of each one more than one ton and if the transferring by the Nile river.
The third theory is closer to the reality, where the original matter of the stones similar to Giza hill. But this disagrees with the roof of the buried room, where it is made of granite, and the granite found only on Aswan and Torah.
While the fourth theory made us stop thinking on the ways of cutting or transferring the stones, but no one discovered it until now and still a theory.
How they moved stones and put it on its place:
There were a lot of theories I will show it briefly.
First: pharaohs build a way from the sand beside the pyramid, its height increases by increasing the height of the pyramid, and the rocks pull up over that way by using ropes and pieces of wood to slip over it.
Second: rolling the rocks over some slides beneath it trunks of trees, then raise the rocks by using a complex system of reels.
Third: by using kites!!!! One of scientists noted hieroglyphic writings and rows of men with strange stand and holding ropes leads by a certain type of mechanical system to a giant bird in the sky, and shows that it was a giant kite used to lift heavy blocks. After that, she begins to experiment after disturbed her curiosity to search at the realistic of this possibility. She tried with some of her friends to raise a piece of wood its length 24 m, and a block of cement weight 125 kg, by using a basic kite bought it from one of the shops, and she succeeded. Then the experiments rolled, she could raise an obelisk weighting 35 tons by using a giant kite and some reels. This theory or experiment depends on momentum of the wind in carrying and transferring the rocks.
Fourth: by using hydraulic jack and it’s a theory for Dr. Osama El-sadawy.
Fifth: pharaohs had developed sciences, we don't know anything about it, and they also had heavy equipments and other tools enabled them to do that. In a view to one of Herodotus novels he said that the priests were raising metals from the earth only by referring to it. The pharaohs might had reached to cancel the gravity and used that in lifting the stones. I can imagine a group of priests stands and looks to the rocks, it comes out from Giza hill, and each one settle in its place. If it so easy, why they took twenty years in construction.
Sixth: the pharaohs weren't the real builders to the pyramids, and it was build by aliens, or another civilization like Atlantis civilization. The author of these theories had a group of directions, such as: pharaonic inscriptions in different places of world. An inscription to Giza pyramids from the air found in one of ancient Indian temples, and relation between pharaonic civilization and Mexican civilization. That link might be sunken Atlantis continent…… to the end of that undocumented speech. Anis Mansur told on his books "who landed from the sky" and "who returned to the sky", on some details about these things. On my personal feeling is that the purpose of the authors of these theories is stealing the completion of the pyramid from the pharaohs.
By given the all theories, we find that the building of the pyramids complex and mysterious to the maximum extent. All the theories seem difficult ratification. The first theory, all the scientists agree on establishment of sandy curve was engineering miracle bigger than the miracle of building the pyramid and requires a huge effort to stay it and larger effort for removing it. And for the trunks of the trees that were rolled under the rocks, where they brought all that quantities of tree trunks and there isn't one jungle in Egypt.
For the second theory, it was shown that the pharaohs were known reels, but that needs great mussels' efforts.
The third theory seems convincing especially with the presence of hieroglyphic paints.
The fifth theory isn't too bad at all, but it the pharaohs had all that sciences why it was ceased to exist? And if they had developed equipments, why it wasn't found? There developed sciences might be disappeared because the priests were away from the people and sciences were limited to them only. In fact, no one could answer these questions up till now.
Translated By :
Nahla Hossam El-din Abbas